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The Bystander Effect. Why nobody helps, and how to break it.

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The Bystander Effect

Why nobody helps, and how to break it

The tendency of a crowd to leave the helping to somebody else.

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In a crowd, everyone assumes someone else will act. The more people present, the less likely any one of them is to help. This has been measured in experiments since the 1960s. The fix is specific: point at one person and give them a task. "You, in the blue shirt, call an ambulance."

  • Naming a specific person breaks the diffusion. Responsibility that belongs to everyone belongs to no one.
  • If you need help in a crowd, do not shout "someone help." Pick one person and speak to them directly.
SourceDarley and Latané (1968), bystander effect experiments
Levine et al
(2011)

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